Hulun Buir, Hulun Buir (Mong. Kolun buir.svg, Khölönbuir; Chinese 呼伦贝尔, pinyin: Hūlúnbèi’ěr) is an urban district in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (PRC). The district is named after the lakes Khulun-Nur and Buir-Nuur located on its territory. The capital is Hailar. The area is 263.9 thousand km². Population – 2.549 million people. (2010).

History
Ancient man appeared in these places about 30 thousand years ago. In the 2nd century, the eastern tribes of the Huns lived here. These tribes were mainly engaged in hunting, and thanks to the local steppes and rivers they raised cattle. In the second half of the 3rd century, the Huns were replaced by the Northern Wei empire. In the XII century, during the time of Genghis Khan, after several major battles, these territories become Mongolian. This period influences Hulunbuir to the present day: the language, geography and culture, economic situation are similar for Hulunbuir and Mongolia. During the Qing Empire, great attention was paid to protecting the borders with the Russian Empire.
From 1912 to 1920, Hulunbuir was part of Heilongjiang Province. During the Sino-Japanese War, until the end of World War II, the territory of the district was directly part of the Xing’an province of the puppet state of Manchukuo.
After World War II, a “power vacuum” set in here, and self-government bodies began to be created. By 1948, Hulun-Buir aimag (呼伦贝尔盟) was formed in the territories to the west of the Greater Khingan Range, and Navenmuzhen aimag (纳文慕仁盟) was formed to the east. During the civil war, the Mongols took the side of the communists, who, in response, recognized the self-government bodies created by the Mongols. In 1949, the two aimags merged to form Hulunbuir-Navenmuzhen aimag (呼伦贝尔纳文慕仁盟), or Hu-Na aimag (呼纳盟) for short, which became part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
In 1953, the east of Inner Mongolia was separated into a special administrative unit, and the aimag was disbanded. In 1954, it was decided to abandon the special status of the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, and the Hulun-Buir aimag was formed on the territories of the former Khingan and Khingan aimags.
In 1969, the main part of the territory of Hulunbuir was transferred to the province of Heilongjiang, and part (the lands of the former Khingan aimag) was transferred to the province of Jilin. In 1979, the aimag was returned to the Inner Mongolia and restored to the 1969 borders. In 1980, Khingan aimag was recreated, and the situation returned to the 1953 borders.
In accordance with the Decree of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China dated October 10, 2001, Hulun-Buir aimag was transformed into an urban district.

The Binzhou railway passes through the district, connecting with the Trans-Baikal railway at the Manchuria-Zabaikalsk crossing. This road connects the frontier of Manchuria with Harbin, its total length is 935 kilometers. Manchuria City is also the starting point of China’s Godao 301 National Highway. The county has two civilian airports, in Hailar and Manchuria.