state.
in the XVI-XIX centuries, the era of the reign of the Kokand Khanate.

Within the Russian Empire
in October 1875 - Andijan was occupied by the troops of General A. Trotsky.
in January 1876, Andijan was occupied by the troops of General M. Skobelev and became part of the Russian Empire (see C. Asian possessions of the Russian Empire).

Resettlement movement in Andijan region
In 1893-1898, in the Andijan district, unlike the rest of Turkestan, they officially began to allocate land for immigrants from the European part of the Russian Empire, previously unofficial immigrants to Turkestan were returned home, which was due to the high density of the indigenous population and the lack of free land. Settlers in the Andijan district came from various provinces of Ukraine and southern Russia: Kharkov, Kiev, Poltava, the Don Army Region, Yekaterinoslav, Saratov, Samara, Voronezh, Tula, Astrakhan, Kursk, Stavropol, Orenburg, from Siberia, northern Russia, from the Caucasus. Their national composition was quite homogeneous. These were predominantly Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, since, according to the “Regulations on the Administration of the Turkestan Territory”, only “Russian subjects of the Christian faith belonging to the state of rural inhabitants” were allowed to resettle.

Joint farming and exchange of experience
Almost all Russian-Ukrainian settlements of Turkestan were arranged in the northern, northeastern and eastern foothills of the Andijan district: Bazarkurgan, Mingtyubinsk, Jalalabad, Kugart, Uzgen, Yassy, ​​Barysh volosts of Andijan district, in a small number of settlers were placed in two volosts - Manyak and Kurbash - Osh district, in which agricultural conditions approached those familiar to the Russian and Ukrainian peasants, it was possible to do without artificial irrigation. A large amount of land was allocated only in the suburbs of Andijan and Russkoye Selo was formed (280 households existed until 1974), settlements of Moskovsky and Pokrovskoye, in For the first time in these villages, grain crops began to be grown in large volumes, which subsequently provided most of the inhabitants of the valley with wheat and grain, and the local population also learned from the Russians how to improve soil cultivation, which contributed to an increase in yield, learned how to care for livestock in winter, beekeeping. With the arrival of the Russians, the Russian spit began to be in great demand among the local population, and this led to the fact that they began to store hay for the winter. Even the Sarts mowed alfalfa with it. Local peasants began to use both a share plow instead of an omach, and a stone roller for threshing, and Russian winnowing machines. In Andijan district and further in Turkestan, crops such as potatoes, white and cauliflower, tomatoes, sugar beets, and oats appeared. An attempt was made to introduce fine-wool sheep breeding, in particular in the Andijan district, by K. V. Solovyov, a pioneer of Russian factory business in Turkestan. Near Andijan in Zelensk (now the city of Assaka), the local population was the first to build a gateway - an irrigation facility according to the European model "made of baked bricks, on cement, with a concrete foundation and with iron shields." In general, the Russians shared with the locals what they knew how to do, and the reverse process was also going on, the Russians themselves learned from the locals about irrigation, the peculiarities of local gardening, and viticulture.

Integration and mutual respect between the local population and migrants
The advanced, progressive intellectuals and workers from Europeans almost always learned the local languages. And this was connected not only and not so much with the needs that arise among small ethnic groups in a foreign environment (after all, they were representatives of the currently dominant ethnic group), but with the deep respect that they had for the indigenous people, for their culture, history.. And such an attitude could not but affect the growth of self-esteem among the local peoples of the region, which contributed to the emergence of the first sprouts of friendship between them and Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians and other immigrants from the inner provinces of Russia.

Andijan uprising
In May 1898, a rebellion took place in Andijan, which went down in history as the Andijan uprising, directed against the Imperial authorities. An attempt to restore the independence of Kokand was made by Ishan, more than anyone else suffered from the new government. Ishan was going to restore the Kokand Khanate, becoming its sovereign ruler, who would need income from trade and waqf lands, obedient subjects; Russians also shook the traditional foundations of Muslim society. The investigation also established that the ishan's closest assistants were middle-aged people who had served under the Kokand Khan - it was they who campaigned in favor of the ishan and recruited "warriors of Islam". On May 17, 1898, over 1,500 people attacked a Russian military garrison in Andijan. The uprising was led by the very popular local religious leader Ishan Magomed-Ali Khalif Muhammad-Sabyr-ogly (abbreviated as Madali. A day later, Dukchi-ishan was arrested, one after another his closest associates were caught. Of the 2000 participants in the rebellion, they were arrested 777 people. The news of the failure of the uprising quickly spread around the district and kept those who were just about to attack the Russians from speaking out. Supporters of Ishan nevertheless killed the forester and robbed the Cossack camp, despite the arrest of the head of the rebellion - this ended the attempt to "free themselves from the infidels". As a result, the Andijan uprising forced the authorities of Russian Turkestan to come to an understanding of the need to better know the moods and thoughts of the local population (Uzbeks or Sarts).

Opening of the Samarkand-Andijan railway
in May 1899, the Samarkand-Andijan railway opened in Andijan, the first line connected the Ursatievskaya station with Andijan 1, the Fedchenko (Kuva), Serovo (Kokand), Gorchakovo (Margilan) railway stations were opened, "Assaka (Zelensk), Vannovskaya and others. in 1905, the second line "Chernyaevo" - Andijan 2 was opened, in 1913-1916 the railway reached the outskirts of the Andijan district of the city of Jalal-Abad. Subsequently, the Samarkand-Andijan railway and the Caspian railway were renamed into the Central Asian railway. After the construction of the railway, the cities of the Fergana Valley and its environs began to develop and grow at a rapid pace, the construction of large plants and factories began, mining increased, processed cotton ginning products began to be sold and exported to other regions in large volumes.

Building cities and suburban settlements
Construction of new European city blocks of Andijan (new city), Zelensk (near Assaki station), Russkoye Selo settlement (south of Andijan), Moskovsky settlement (west of Andijan), Pokrovskoye settlement (east of Andijan), Bogorodskoe settlement (northeast of Andijan), Topolino village (east of Andijan).

Andijan earthquake
In 1902, the largest earthquake in the history of the Fergana Valley occurred in Andijan, killing more than four thousand people. About forty thousand buildings were destroyed in the Andijan district and partly in the Margilan district. The earthquake was so strong that people could not stay on their feet. After the earthquake, Andijan also lost ancient architectural monuments and buildings with a long history, only government and residential buildings in the new part of the city made of burnt bricks survived: the building of the Andijan I railway station, the city meeting of Officers, the Temples of St. George the Victorious at the Garden Cemetery, in the old city of Andijan, the 600-year-old (at that time) highest Minaret of the 13th century of the Main Friday Mosque of Andijan survived and was not destroyed by an earthquake. Ferghana Valley Madrassah "Jami", which is currently the most beautiful architectural structure in Andijan and the entire memorial historical complex "Jami".

Soviet period
With the national-territorial demarcation in Central Asia, Andijan became part of the Uzbek SSR, becoming the administrative center of the Andijan region of the same name. In the Soviet period, Andijan was a large city of the USSR, in which more than 50 educational institutions functioned (universities, institutes, technical schools, colleges) and by right was the "forge of personnel" of the entire Ferghana Valley, the bulk of the population of Andijan, Fergana, Namangan, Osh, Jalal-Abad and Leninabad regions, she studied in Andijan, it is also important to note that about 100 industrial enterprises (plants, factories, combines) worked in the city of Andijan. The population of Andijan more than tripled and amounted to a third of a million people (Andijan the region in terms of population density ranked first in the USSR and third in the world). The pendulum migration was facilitated by the high population density and the small size of the Andijan region (it was the smallest region in size in the post-Soviet space of 4.2 thousand square kilometers (and now it occupies 1% of the area of ​​Uzbekistan, but at the same time 10% of the population of the Republic lives on it Uzbekistan) at night there were 330 thousand people in the city, and during the day about 1 million people came to work and on business, for the above reasons, a pendulum migration was formed - inherent to a greater extent in megacities. Also in the post-Soviet space in the Central Asian region there was the Andijan-Osh agglomeration 40 km between cities was compactly built up.

Independent Uzbekistan
During the years of independence of Uzbekistan, Andijan with its suburbs (an agglomeration with a population of 657 thousand people) was practically rebuilt thanks to the current Presidential program, in which the main basis is to improve the quality of life of the population, begun by the First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I. A. Karimov and continued to the present time by the newly elected President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. M. Mirziyoyev. It is also important to note that centuries-old historical