Dmanisi (Georgian დმანისი) is a city (since 1981) in Georgia. Located on the Mashavera River, 30 km southwest of the Kazreti railway station.

History
Modern Dmanisi appeared as the Dukhobor village of Bashkichet (the old name – Bashkechid – translated from Azerbaijani (baş keçid) means “main (mountain) pass”), about 15 kilometers from the abandoned Georgian city of Dmanisi. From 1892 to 1896 Tolstoyan Dmitry Khilkov was in exile here. In Soviet times, it became one of the regional centers of Kvemo Kartli.
According to the All-Union Population Census of 1989, 8650 people lived in Dmanisi.

Sights
Near Dmanisi, 10 kilometers to the east, are the ruins of a large medieval fortified city of Dmanisi. The area of ​​the settlement is about 25 hectares. The site has been excavated since 1936. City in the 7th-12th centuries. was the center of the Arab-Muslim local state of the Dumanus emirate. The city was a particularly significant transit point on the caravan routes – the hub of one of the branches of the Great Silk Road; hence the Turkic name Bash-kechit.
The name of the city of Dumanus is mentioned in the text of one of the masterpieces of world art, in an example of oral folk art – the Oguz folk epic “Kitabi-Dede-Korkut” (“The Book of My Grandfather Korkut”).

In 1991, during excavations, the remains of an extinct representative of hominids, Homo georgicus, were discovered. The mammalian fauna of Dmanisi is close to the fauna from the localities of Pueblo de Valverde (Spain), Saint-Valier and Senez (France), Costa S. Giacomo and Olivola (Italy), Liventsovka (Rostov-on-Don, Russia), Palan-Tukan (Azerbaijan).) and Mukhkai II (Dagestan, Russia), which existed in the time interval 2.1–1.76 million years ago. The Early Paleolithic stone industry from Dmanisi, dating from 1.8–1.7 Ma, is one of the oldest cultures discovered outside of Africa. There are many similarities with the stone industry of such ancient sites in Africa as Kada-Gona EG10 and Kada-Gona EG12 (about 2.55 million years), Lokaleley-1 (about 2.34 million years), Fezhezh FJ1 (about 2 million years ago).) and others. The archaic stone industry from the Olduvai Gorge (Member I and lower layers of Member II) in Tanzania and Koobi Fora in Kenya have much in common with the pebble industry without hand axes from Dmanisi. Dmanisi the pre-Acheulean lithic complex is the earliest complex in Eurasia. Older than the Dmanisi pre-Acheulean lithic complex is the Iron complex in the Near East (about 2.4 Ma).

A three-church basilica of the 6th-7th centuries has been preserved, restored at the beginning of the 18th century, a vestibule with a rich one. City walls, gates, and numerous buildings have been found. A treasure of 25 gold and silver jewelry from the 12th-13th centuries was found. On the territory of Dmanisi, the remains of the first Europeans, Zezvi and Mzii, were discovered.

On the territory of Dmanisi, during the Upper and Lower Pliocene, an now extinct species of ostrich, Struthio dmanisensis, lived.